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World’s First*¹ Clarification of Part of the
Inactivation Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 by nanoe™ (Hydroxyl Radicals Contained in Water) Technology

Through collaborative research with Associate Professor Mayo Yasugi of the Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, it has revealed for the first time that the structural collapse of the SARS-CoV-2 is one of the causes of the inactivation of the viruses through exposure to nanoe™.

[PRESS RELEASE] World’s First Clarification of Part of the Inactivation Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 by nanoe™

nanoe™ destroys the viruses in pieces

nanoe™ comes in contact with the surface of viruses, damaging proteins on the cell surface including spike protein that get viruses bound to cells, as well as damaging the envelope.

An image of nanoe™ contacting the surface of the virus

AN image of nanoe™ damaging spike proteins on the cell surface

Progressive degradation of proteins on the virus surface and damage to the envelop expand deformation. The envelope collapses.

An image of progressive degradation of proteins on the virus surface

Degradation of internal proteins including nucleocapsid proteins and viral genomic RNA. The virus is destroyed in pieces.

An image of degradation of internal proteins including nucleocapsid proteins

An image of degradation of internal proteins including viral genomic RNA

Which process does nanoe™ inhibit infection mechanism of SARS CoV-2？

The mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infecting the cell

An image of virus and host cell approaching

1. Virus approaches host cell

An image of viruses binding to the host cell receptor

2. Virus binds to the host cell receptor

3. Virus invades in the host cell and replicates

What happens when nanoe™ exists?

1. Virus destroyed in pieces by nanoe™ effect

An image of virus destroyed in pieces cannot bind with cell

2. Virus destroyed in pieces cannot bind with cell

An image of no binding, leading the virus not being able to invade into the cell and there is no infection

3. As no binding, the virus cannot invade into the cell and there is no infection

By nanoe™, certain viruses became less infectious

nanoe™ does not target specific molecules or structures of viruses, but damages SARS-CoV-2 by acting at multiple steps on the envelope, proteins, and genomic RNA that make up viruses. Viruses damaged by exposure to nanoe™ lose their ability to bind to host cell receptors, thereby becoming less infectious. These series of phenomena are considered to be part of the mechanism of how the SARS-CoV-2 is inactivated by nanoe™.

Paper about inactivation mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 by nanoe™

Yasugi M., Komura Y., Ishigami Y. (2022) Mechanisms underlying inactivation of SARS‑CoV‑2 by nano‑sized electrostatic atomized water particles. J Nanopart Res,

*1 As ion emission air purification technology (Panasonic data as of June 8, 2022)

Inhibits activity of airborne,
adhered bacteria^1-3 & viruses^4-6

Certain bacteria and viruses are far too small to see

The difference in size between a certain bacteria and viruses is about the same as the difference between apples and sesame seeds.

A figure of size comparision between viruses and bacteira

The virus survives different periods on different surfaces

Survival period varies depending on surface, from 3 hours to 7 days.

	Type of substances	Survival period
	Paper, tissue	3 hours
	Copper surface*	4 hours
	Cardboard surface	24 hours
	Cloth surface	2 days
	Plastic surface	3 days
	Glass surface	4 days
	Banknote surface	4 days
	Outside of surgical mask	7 days

*Copper naturally degrades certain bacteria and viruses.
Survival period differs depending on surface irregularities.
Viruses survive longer on smooth surfaces than on irregular surfaces.
Source: https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-lifespan-on-surfaces-graphic-2020-3

Effects on certain bacteria & viruses

Airborne bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus¹

A graph showing that nanoe™ X is highly effective against the airborne bacteria Staphylococcus aureus

Airborne viruses
bacteriophageΦχ174⁴

A graph showing that nanoe™ X is highly effective against the airborne bacteria bacteriophage Φχ174

Adhered bacteria
O157²

A graph showing that nanoe™ X is highly effective against the adhered bacteria O157

Adhered viruses
Influenza virus H1N1 subtype⁵

A graph showing that nanoe™ X is highly effective against adhered influenza virus H1N1 subtype

MRSA³

A graph showing that nanoe™ X is highly effective against the adhered bacteria MRSA

Poliovirus type1 (Lsc-2ab)⁶

A graph showing that nanoe™ X is highly effective against the adhered virus Poliovirus type 1 (Lsc-2ab)

How nanoe™ X works

nanoe™ X reaches virus.

Hydroxyl radicals denature virus proteins.

Virus activity is inhibited.^1–6

¹Airborne bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). Testing organisation: Kitasato Research Center for Environmental Science. Testing method: The number of bacteria was measured after direct exposure in an approximately 25 m3-sized airtight test chamber. Inhibition method: nanoe™ released. Target substance: Airborne bacteria. Test result: Inhibited by at least 99.7% in 4 hours. (24_0301_1)
²Adhered bacteria (O157). Testing organisation: Japan Food Research Laboratories. Testing method: Measured the number of bacteria adhered to a cloth in an approximately 45 L-sized airtight test chamber. Inhibition method: nanoe™ released. Target substance: Adhered bacteria. Test result: Inhibited by at least 99.99% in 1 hour. (208120880_001)
³Adhered bacteria (MRSA). Testing organisation: Japan Food Research Laboratories. Testing method: Measured the number of bacteria adhered to a cloth in an approximately 45-L-sized airtight test chamber. Inhibition method: nanoe™ released. Target substance: Adhered bacteria. Test result: Inhibited by at least 99.99% in 1 hour. (208120880_002)
⁴Airborne viruses (bacteriophageΦχ174). Testing organisation: Kitasato Research Center for Environmental Science. Testing method: The number of viruses was measured after direct exposure in an approximately 25 m3-sized airtight test chamber. Inhibition method: nanoe™ released. Target substance: Airborne viruses. Test result: Inhibited by at least 99.7% in 6 hours. (24_0300_1)
⁵Adhered virus (Influenza virus H1N1 subtype). Testing organisation: Kitasato Research Center for Environmental Science. Testing method: Measured the number of viruses adhered to a cloth in an approximately 1 m3-sized airtight test chamber. Inhibition method: nanoe™ released. Target substance: Adhered viruses. Test result: Inhibited by at least 99.9% in 2 hours. (21_0084_1)
⁶Adhered viruses (Poliovirus type1(Lsc-2ab)). Testing organisation: Kitasato Research Center for Environmental Science. Testing method: Measured the number of viruses adhered to a cloth in an approximately 45 L-sized airtight test chamber. Inhibition method: nanoe™ released. Target substance: Adhered viruses. Test result: Inhibited by at least 99.7% in 2 hours. (22_0096)

Results may vary based on usage and seasonal and environmental variables (temperature and humidity). nanoe™ X and nanoe™ inhibit activity or growth of pollutants, but do not prevent illness.